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1.
Salvador; s.n; 2017. 77 p. ilus, map.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001004

ABSTRACT

A Leishmaniose Cutânea Difusa (LCD) é uma manifestação clínica. rara causada pela Leishmania amazonensis que é caracterizada por uma resposta celular. parasitária ineficiente e macrófagos intensamente parasitados nas lesões cutâneas.. Mediadores lipídicos e seus precursores desempenham um papel crucial durante a. infecção por Leishmania. Estudos prévios demonstram que pacientes com leishmaniose. tegumentar, exibem um distinto balanço de eicosanoides in situ e sistêmico.. Recentemente, demonstrou-se que mediadores lipídicos especializados na pró-resolução. desempenham um papel crítico na redução de processos inflamatórios patológicos. induzindo a restauração da homeostasia em diferentes modelos experimentais. Entre. esses mediadores, as resolvinas da série D exibem potente atividade anti-inflamatória e. imuno-regulatória que inclui a inibição da quimiotaxia leucocitária e bloqueio na. produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. No entanto, ainda é desconhecido se as. resolvinas desempenham um papel significativo no estabelecimento e persistência da. infecção por Leishmania. OBJETIVO: Nesse estudo, avaliamos os níveis circulantes. de Resolvina D1 (RvD1) em pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar apresentando a. forma clínica cutânea localizada (LCL) ou difusa. RESULTADOS: Nossos resultados. demonstram que pacientes com LCD apresentam maiores níveis plasmáticos de RvD1. quando comparados a LCL ou controles endêmicos. Além disso, os níveis séricos de. RvD1 em pacientes com LCD se correlacionam positivamente com a Arginase I e TGF-. β, enquanto que inversamente com os níveis sistêmicos de TNF-α. Experimentos. adicionais in vitro utilizando macrófagos humanos revelaram que a RvD1 promove a. replicação intracelular da L. amazonensis por um mecanismo associado a indução da. enzima heme oxigenase-1. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a via de. produção da RvD1 pode servir como uma potencial estratégia terapêutica para os. pacientes com LCD.


INTRODUCTION: Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (DCL) is a rare clinical manifestation caused by Leishmania amazonensis that is characterized by an inefficient parasite-specific cellular responses and heavily parasitized macrophages in skin lesions. Lipid mediators and their precursors play a crucial role during Leishmania infection. Previous works have shown that patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibit a distinct in situ and systemic balance of this eicosanoids. Recently, pro-resolution lipid mediators have been shown to play critical role in dampening pathological inflammatory processes to reestablish homeostasis in a diverse range of experimental settings. Among these mediators, resolvins from D series have been described to exhibit potent antiinflammatory and immune-regulatory activities that include inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis and blockage on the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, whether resolvins play significant roles in establishment and persistence of Leishmania infection is currently unknown. AIM: We addressed this question by assessing circulating levels of resolvin D1 (RvD1) in tegumentary leishmaniasis patients presenting localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) or diffuse disease. RESULTS: We found that DCL patients have higher plasma levels of RvD1 when compared with LCL patients or endemic controls. In addition, the levels of this mediator were positively correlated with arginase-I and TGF-β and were negatively correlated with TNF-α levels. Additional in vitro experiments using primary human macrophages revealed that resolvin D1 promotes the intracellular L. amazonensis replication for a mechanism dependent on induction of heme oxygenase-1 enzyme. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that targeting RvD1 could serve as potential strategy for DCL patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmania mexicana/pathogenicity , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/prevention & control , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/blood , Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous/transmission
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844743

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad existe consenso en que el daño de los tejidos de soporte dentario que se produce durante la periodontitis es un proceso complejo en el cual la presencia de los patógenos periodontales es necesaria, pero no suficiente, para explicar en su totalidad la extensión y severidad de dicho daño. Asimismo, la destrucción del tejido de soporte periodontal es en gran medida producida por el desbalance de la respuesta inmune generada por el paciente frente a antígenos y factores de virulencia derivados de los patógenos periodontales. Esta respuesta inmune, desencadenada por las bacterias periodontopatógenas, incluye tanto mecanismos asociados a inmunidad innata como adaptativa, siendo el rol de los péptidos antimicrobianos y mediadores lipídicos aspectos relacionados con ambas ramas de la inmunidad y que no han sido completamente dilucidados en relación con sus mecanismos de acción contra los patógenos periodontales. En esta revisión se describe el rol de los péptidos antimicrobianos y de los mediadores lipídicos en la enfermedad periodontal, enfocándonos en su contribución tanto a la protección como a la destrucción del tejido de soporte dentario durante la infección periodontal. Se destaca además la importancia de considerarlos dentro del complejo escenario de la respuesta inmune durante las enfermedades periodontales, ya que forman parte fundamental de la respuesta inmune del hospedero. Analizar la enfermedad periodontal ampliando la perspectiva de estudio a este tipo de moléculas que participan de la respuesta inmune permitiría en el futuro lograr un nuevo enfoque terapéutico de las enfermedades periodontales.


Currently, there is consensus that the damage of the tooth support tissues that occurs during periodontitis is a complex mechanism, in which the presence of specific periodontal pathogens is necessary, but not sufficient, to fully explain the extent and severity of the observed periodontal destruction. Moreover, the destruction of periodontal support tissue is largely the effect of the imbalance in the patient immune response, triggered by periodontal pathogen-derived antigens and virulence factors. The immune response elicited by periodontal pathogenic bacteria includes mechanisms associated with both innate and adaptive responses, where the role of antimicrobial peptides and lipid mediators are related to these two arms of immunity, and have not been fully elucidated in relation to their mechanisms of action against periodontal pathogens. In this review, a discussion is presented on the characteristics of these molecules and their role in periodontal disease in relation to both protection and destruction of tooth supporting tissue during periodontal infection. The relevance of considering these mediators within the complex scenario of the immune response during periodontal diseases is also highlighted, since they are a fundamental part of the host immune response. Periodontal diseases should be analysed in a broader perspective, where the study of these types of molecules involved in the immune response of periodontal tissues, may help to develop new therapeutic approaches to periodontal diseases in the future.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/immunology , Docosahexaenoic Acids/immunology , Periodontal Diseases/immunology , Defensins/immunology
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